Deck Building Resources

Permit requirements vary by location. Most decks over 200 square feet or over 30 inches high require a permit. Some jurisdictions also require permits for decks attached to the house. Always check with your local building department before starting construction.

Footing depth must extend below the frost line in your area to prevent frost heave. In northern climates, this can be 36-48 inches deep. In warmer climates, footings typically need to be at least 12 inches deep or below the frost line, whichever is greater.

Standard joist spacing is 16 inches on center for most residential decks. However, this can vary based on deck board material. Composite decking often requires 12-inch spacing, while some hardwoods can span 24 inches on center.

Most building codes require residential deck railings to be at least 36 inches high. Decks over 30 inches from grade typically require 42-inch tall railings. Always verify local code requirements, as some areas have specific regulations.

Wood decks should typically be resealed every 1-3 years depending on climate and exposure. In harsh sunny or rainy climates, annual resealing may be needed. Test your deck by sprinkling water on it - if water beads up, the sealer is still working; if it absorbs, it's time to reseal.